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ZDRUŽBA BUKVE IN BELKASTE BEKICE
Luzulo albidae–Fagetum Meusel 1937
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Združba bukve in belkaste bekice je aconalna gozdna združba, razširjena na
večjih ali manjših površinah predalpskega sveta Slovenije, od
Škofjeloškega hribovja do Pohorja. V glavnem se pojavlja na nadmorskih
višinah od 900 do 1300 metrov. Porašča gladka, zmerno strma do zelo strma
pobočja. Višje prehaja v zaobljene grebene in mestoma ravnice. Na skrajnih
vzhodnih obronkih Julijskih Alp, ki so zelo dobro namočeni, se pojavlja
združba v vseh legah; v notranjosti Slovenije izbira izrazito prisojne
lege, osojne naseljujejo acidofilni jelovi gozdovi. Geološko podlago
gradijo zmerno kisle do kisle nekarbonatne kamnine: peščenjaki in glinasti
skrilavci, tufi, blestniki itd. Na njih prevladujejo srednje globoka do
globoka distrična rjava tla, ki so mestoma zelo skeletna. Na splošno so
zelo občutljiva na kvarne vplive. Na širšem območju bukovih gozdov
zgornjega gorskega pasu je podnebje gorsko, dovolj bogato s padavinami in
zmerno hladno.
Diagnostična kombinacija rastlinskih vrst Na območje acidofilnih bukovih gozdov je že od nekdaj močno vplival človek. Zaradi gladkega površja so veliko gozdov iztrebili za pašnike, v preostalih so pasli živino. Na določenih predelih, predvsem na Pohorju, pa so tudi fratarili. V dobi glažut so bukev lokalno popolnoma iztrebili. Posledica vseh teh intenzivnih posegov je bila popolna prevlada smreke, ki je sčasoma tako spremenila rastišče, da potekajo razvojne smeri gozda predvsem preko nje. Lepo ohranjeni bukovi gozdovi so redki; čeprav bukev na teh rastiščih zelo dobro uspeva. Združbo bukve in belkaste bekice uvrščamo v zvezo Luzulo-Fagion. |
The Luzulo–Fagetum is an azonal forest association growing in larger and smaller areas in the prealpine region of Slovenia from the Škofja Loka Hills to the Pohorje mountain range. It occurs predominantly at an altitude of 900 to 1,300 meters and covers smooth and moderately steep to very steep slopes. Furthermore, it covers ridges and flat surfaces in places. On the extreme eastern hillsides of the Julian Alps that are well watered, the association occurs on all locations. In the interior of Slovenia, it chooses extremely sunny slopes, while acidophilous fir forests cover the shady sites. The geological material consists of moderately acidic to acidic noncalcareous stones such as sandstone and clayey shale, tuffs, mica schist, etc. Above them is medium deep to deep dystric Cambisol that is skeletal in places. Generally, they are very sensitive to harmful influences. In the wider area of altimontane beech forests, the subatlantic and continental climates have abundant precipitation and are moderately cold. Diagnostic combination of plant species The area of acidophilous altimontane beech forests has always depended heavily on anthropogenic influences. As the result of smooth surface areas, many forests were cleared for meadows while in others, livestock was grazed. In some areas, especially in the Pohorje mountain range, this was a failure. In the period of the glassworks, the beech was locally exterminated. All these extensive activities resulted in the complete predominance of spruce (Picea abies), which changed the site. Consequently, the forest development is through spruce. Forests that have been well managed are rare, although beech thrives very well on these sites. The Luzulo albidae–Fagetum is classified in the alliance Luzulo–Fagion. |
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