Združba bukve in trilistne vetrnice je conalna združba predalpsko-alpskega fitogeografskega območja ilirske florne province. Gozdove te asociacije uvrščamo med altimontansko-subalpinske, saj uspevajo nad nadmorsko višino 900 metrov do zgornje gozdne meje 1500 metrov. Prevladuje zmerno subpolarna klima, vlažna in hladna z obilo snega. Vegetacijsko obdobje je relativno kratko, od junija do oktobra, povprečno pade preko 2000 mm padavin letno, večina v dobi rasti. Prevladujejo strma do zelo strma bolj ali manj gladka pobočja. Zakrasele planote so redkejše. Osnovna geološka podlaga so večinoma dolomiti, apnenci so redkejši. Tla pod alpskimi bukovimi gozdovi so navadno slabo razvita; prevladujejo plitve do srednje globoke rendzine. Globlja rjava tla so le na apnčasti matični podlagi.

Diagnostična kombinacija rastlinskih vrst
Drevesna plast: bukev (Fagus sylvatica), navadna smreka (Picea abies), evropski macesen (Larix decidua), beli javor (Acer pseudoplatanus), črni gaber (Ostrya carpinifolia), mali jesen (Fraxinus ornus).
Grmova plast: Daphne mezereum, Laburnum alpinum, Lonicera alpigena, L. xylosteum, Rosa pendulina, Rubus idaeus, R. saxatilis, Sorbus aucuparia.
Zeliščna plast: Adenostyles glabra, Anemone trifolia, Aposeris foetida, Aremonia agrimonoides, Calamagrostis varia, Cardamine trifolia, Carex alba, C. digitata, Cyclamen purpurascens, Dentaria enneaphyllos, Erica carnea, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Fragaria vesca, Galeobdolon flavidum, Helleborus niger subsp. niger, Hepatica nobilis, Hieracium sylvaticum, Homogyne sylvestris, Knautia drymeia subsp. drymeia, Melampyrum sylvaticum, Melica nutans, Mercurialis perennis, Mycelis muralis, Orthilia secunda, Oxalis acetosella, Paris quadrifolia, Phyteuma ovatum, Polygonatum verticillatum, Polystichum aculeatum, Prenanthes purpurea, Salvia glutinosa, Sanicula europaea, Saxifraga rotundifolia, Symphytum tuberosum, Valeriana tripteris, Viola reichenbachiana.

Alpski bukov gozd ima stabilno biocenotsko zgradbo. Zaraščanje pašnikov na potencialno naravnem rastišču združbe se zaraščajo s smreko, v višjih legah se ji pridruži tudi macesen.

Alpski bukovi gozdovi so večinoma enodobni, pogosto dvoplastni s prevladujočo smreko oziroma macesnom v zgornji plasti in podstojno bukvijo. Posebno gozdovi z obilno primesjo macesna so gospodarsko zelo pomembni. Del gozdov te združbe v bolj ekstremnih ekoloških razmerah ima varovalno vlogo.

Združbo bukve in trilistne vetrnice uvrščamo v zvezo Aremonio-Fagion.

The Anemono trifoliae–Fagetum is a zonal association of the prealpine-alpine phytogeographical territory of the Illyrian flora province. The forests of this association are altimontane-subalpine forests growing at an altitude of 900 meters to the upper forest boundary of 1,500 meters. A moderate subpolar, humid, and cold climate with plenty of snow is characteristic of this region. The vegetation period is relatively short, lasting from June to October, with a mean precipitation of more than 2,000 mm annually, mostly during the growth period. There are steep to very steep, more or less smooth slopes, and karst plateaus are more seldom. The basic geological material consists mostly of dolomite while limestone is more rare. The soils under the beech forests are not well developed, and shallow to medium deep rendzic Leptosols predominate. Deeper Cambisol is found only on limestone bedrock.

Diagnostic combination of plant species
Tree layer: Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Larix decidua, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus.
Shrub layer: Daphne mezereum, Laburnum alpinum, Lonicera alpigena, L. xylosteum, Rosa pendulina, Rubus idaeus, R. saxatilis, Sorbus aucuparia.
Herb layer: Adenostyles glabra, Anemone trifolia, Aposeris foetida, Aremonia agrimonoides, Calamagrostis varia, Cardamine trifolia, Carex alba, C. digitata, Cyclamen purpurascens, Dentaria enneaphyllos, Erica carnea, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Fragaria vesca, Galeobdolon flavidum, Helleborus niger subsp. niger, Hepatica nobilis, Hieracium sylvaticum, Homogyne sylvestris, Knautia drymeia subsp. drymeia, Melampyrum sylvaticum, Melica nutans, Mercurialis perennis, Mycelis muralis, Orthilia secunda, Oxalis acetosella, Paris quadrifolia, Phyteuma ovatum, Polygonatum verticillatum, Polystichum aculeatum, Prenanthes purpurea, Salvia glutinosa, Sanicula europaea, Saxifraga rotundifolia, Symphytum tuberosum, Valeriana tripteris, Viola reichenbachiana.

The alpine beech forest has a stable biocenotic structure. The reforestation process on meadows on a potentially natural site of this association develops through Norway spruce (Picea abies) and at higher locations through European larch (Larix decidua).

The alpine beech forests are mostly even-aged and often in two layers with predominantly spruce and larch in the upper layer and beech in the lower layer. In particular, the forests with abundant mixture of larch play an important economic role. Parts of the forests of this association play a protective role in more extreme ecological conditions.

The Anemono trifoliae–Fagetum is classified in the alliance Aremonio–Fagion.

__________________

Tregubov V. et al. 1957: Elaborat za osnovo gojitvenega in melioracijskega načrta gozdov, gozdnih zemljišč in pašnikov za področje Zgornje savske doline. Kranj, 111 s.
Tregubov V. 1962: Naravni sestoji macesna v Sloveniji in gospodarjenje z njimi. Zbornik Inštituta za gozdno in lesno gospododarstvo Slovenije 3: 29–143.
Marinček L. 1987: Bukovi gozdovi na Slovenskem. Delavska enotnost. Ljubljana. 153 s.
Marinček L., L. Poldini & M. Zupančič 1989: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gesellschaft Anemono-Fagetum. Razprave IV. razreda SAZU 30(1): 3–64.