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ZDRUŽBA BUKVE IN SPOMLADANSKE TORILNICE
Omphalodo–Fagetum (Tregubov 1957) Marinček et al. 1993
Asociacija Omphalodo-Fagetum združuje dinarske jelovo-bukove gozdove, ki jih gozdarji poznajo s prvotnim latinskim imenom Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum. Porašča predele slovenskih visokih kraških planot od Trnovskega gozda do Kočevskega roga in Snežnika. Uspeva na nadmorskih višinah od 700 do 1200 metrov. Površje je izredno razgibano. Kraške planote so posejane z vrtačami in brezni. Pretežno zelo kamnita pobočja se zložno spuščajo v suha kraška polja. Prevladujejo apnenci; redkejši so dolomitni apnenci in dolomiti. Talne razmere so zelo pisane. Na majhnem prostoru se mozaično prepletajo rendzine različnih razvojnih stopenj, rjava pokarbonatna tla in izprana rjava pokarbonatna tla. Klimatske razmere so zelo ugodne za rast gozda, obilo je padavin, zračna vlažnost je zelo visoka. Diagnostična kombinacija rastlinskih vrst Razvoj v smeri prvobitnega gozda poteka na opuščenih pašnikih predvsem preko stadija z lesko. Biocenotska zgradba dinarskega jelovo-bukovega gozda je pri smotrnem načinu gospodarjenja stabilna. Na obrobju areala združbe jelka ponekod zelo propada. Dinarski jelovo-bukovi gozdovi spadajo med gospodarsko najpomembnejše gozdove pri nas. Gozd v naravni sestavi najbolje služi gospodarskim interesom in optimalno opravlja deloma varovalno vlogo. Osnovna naloga gojenja teh gozdov je spreminjanje sestojev v sonaravne oblike. Mestoma so enomerni oziroma enodobni gozdovi, lokalno se pojavljajo tudi monokulture smreke. Združbo bukve in pomladanske torilnice uvrščamo v zvezo Aremonio-Fagion. |
The Omphaldo–Fagetum – Dinaric beech and European silver fir and beech forests—was once called the Abieti–Fagetum dinaricum. It covers parts of Slovenia’s high karst plateaus from Trnovski gozd to Kočevski Rog and Mount Snežnik. It grows at an altitude of 700 to 1,200 meters. This region has a diverse land configuration. The karst plateaus are full of sinkholes and precipices. Predominantly stony slopes fall gently to dry karst poljes. The bedrock consists mainly of limestone and occasionally of dolomite limestone and dolomite. There are various soil conditions. Within a small area, a mosaic of rendzic Leptosols of different development stages, chromic Cambisol, and chromic Luvisol occurs. Climate conditions are very favourable for the growth of forests as there is plenty of rainfall and high air humidity. Diagnostic combination of plant species The succession process toward this natural forest on abandoned meadows develops through communities dominated by hazel (Corylus avellana). The biocenotic structure of this Dinaric beech forest is stable when proper management is taken into account. At the edge of the areal of the association, the European silver fir tree (Abies alba) degrades in places. The Dinaric fir and beech forests are economically the most significant forests in Slovenia. Forests in its natural compostion serve economic interest and partially play also protective role. The main task for management is to transform them into sustainable stands. They are even-aged and of even height in places; locally, monocultural stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies) also appear. The Omphalodo–Fagetum is classified in the alliance Aremonio–Fagion. |
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