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Gozdna združba navadnega gabra in bele jelke naseljuje rahlo razgibano
gričevje in ravninski svet v nadmorskih višinah od 160 do 370 metrov. Površinska
kamnitost je majhna, od 0 do 5 %. Gozd navadnega gabra in bele jelke je conalna
združba zahodnega dela preddinarskega območja ilirske florne province.
Prevladujejo apnenci jurske in kredne starosti, na njih so najpogosteje srednje
globoka do globoka rjava pokarbonatna tla. Podnebje je zmerno hladno in humidno;
povprečna letna temperatura je od 8 do 10o C, padavin je letno od 1100 do 1500 mm in so ugodno razporejene skozi vso vegetacijsko dobo.
Diagnostična kombinacija rastlinskih vrst:
Drevesna plast: graden (Quercus petraea), navadna smreka (Picea abies), bela jelka (Abies alba), navadni gaber (Carpinus betulus), maklen (Acer campestre),
češnja (Prunus avium).
Grmovna plast: Berberis vulgaris, Cornus sanguinea, Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Euonymus europaea, E. verrucosa, Ligustrum vulgare, Rosa arvensis, Viburnum lantana.
Zeliščna plast: Aposeris foetida, Aremonia agrimonoides, Asarum europaeum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Carex digitata, C. sylvatica, Crocus napolitanus, Cruciata glabra, Cyclamen purpurascens, Erythronium dens-canis, Festuca heterophylla, Fragaria vesca, Galanthus nivalis, Gentiana asclepiadea, Helleborus odorus, Hieracium sylvaticum, Knautia drymeia subsp. drymeia, Lamium orvala, Luzula pilosa, Melampyrum nemorosum, Oxalis acetosella, Polygonatum multiflorum, Primula vulgaris, Sanicula europaea, Solidago virgaurea, Stellaria holostea, Symphytum tuberosum, Viola reichenbachiana.
Mahovna plast: Atrichum undulatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum subsp. zetterstedtii, Polytrichum formosum, Thuidium tamariscinum.
Veliko gozdov je bilo izkrčenih za kmetijske in urbane površine. Preostali pa
so zelo degradirani in so večinoma panjevci.
Združbo navadnega gabra in bele jelke uvrščamo v zvezo Erythronio-Carpinion.
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The Abio albae–Carpinetum betuli grows on gently configured hills and flatlands at an altitude of 160 meters to 370 meters. The degree of surface rockiness is low, ranging from 0% to 5%. The forest of hornbeam and fir is a zonal association of the western part of the predinaric region of the Illyrian flora province. Limestone of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods dominates, covered mostly by medium deep and deep chromic Cambisol. A moderate cold and humid climate is predominant; average annual temperatures range from 8o to 10o C. The precipitation ranges between 1,100 and 1,500 mm annually and is most favourably spread throughout the vegetation period.
Diagnostic combination of plant species
Tree layer: Quercus petraea, Picea abies, Abies alba, Carpinus betulus, Acer campestre, Prunus avium.
Shrub layer: Berberis vulgaris, Cornus sanguinea, Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Euonymus europaea, E. verrucosa, Ligustrum vulgare, Rosa arvensis, Viburnum lantana.
Herb layer: Aposeris foetida, Aremonia agrimonoides, Asarum europaeum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Carex digitata, C. sylvatica, Crocus napolitanus, Cruciata glabra, Cyclamen purpurascens, Erythronium dens-canis, Festuca heterophylla, Fragaria vesca, Galanthus nivalis, Gentiana asclepiadea, Helleborus odorus, Hieracium sylvaticum, Knautia drymeia subsp. drymeia, Lamium orvala, Luzula pilosa, Melampyrum nemorosum, Oxalis acetosella, Polygonatum multiflorum, Primula vulgaris, Sanicula europaea, Solidago virgaurea, Stellaria holostea, Symphytum tuberosum, Viola reichenbachiana.
Moss layer: Atrichum undulatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum subsp. zetterstedtii, Polytrichum formosum, Thuidium tamariscinum.
Many forests were deforested to create agricultural and urban areas. The rest of forests have become degraded, mostly coppiced.
The Abio albae–Carpinetum betuli is classified in the alliance Erythronio–Carpinion betuli.
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