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ZDRUŽBA NAVADNE SMREKE IN ŠOTNIH MAHOV
Sphagno-Piceetum R. Kuoch 1954 corr. Zupančič 1982
Gozd smreke in šotnega mahu je aconalna gozdna združba, pogojena z močvirnimi tlemi. Združba uspeva na planotah Pokljuke, Jelovice in Pohorja na nadmorskih višinah od 1200 do 1300 m, na nekarbonatnih ali na mešanih karbonatno-nekarbonatnih kamninah, težko propustnih za vodo, na katerih so se ob obilici padavin oblikovala barja. Prevladuje zelo umirjen relief z zelo majhnimi nagibi od 0 do 5o. Tla pod združbo so zelo kisla, plitva do srednje globoka šotna tla visokega barja. Na območju združbe prevladuje gorsko podnebje; kar pomeni obilne padavine in relativno nizke, zelo neizenačene temperaturne razmere. Diagnostična kombinacija rastlinskih vrst Zaradi ekstremnih ekoloških razmer poteka razvoj gozda izjemno počasi. Kot pionirska vrsta je zelo pomembno rušje, ki omogoča uveljavljanje smrekovega podmladka. Drevesna plast je vrzelasta in jo sestavlja le smreka, ki je slabše rasti, visoka le do 15 metrov. Gozdovi združbe imajo povsem varovalno vlogo in so zatočišče higrofilnih in frigofilnih rastlinskih in specifičnih živalskih vrst. Združbo smreke in šotnih mahov uvrščamo v zvezo Vaccinio-Piceion. |
The Sphagno–Piceetum is an azonal forest association that depends on marshy soils. The association thrives on the plateaus of Pokljuka, Jelovica, and Pohorje at an altitude of 1,200 to 1,300 meters. The Sphango–Piceetum grows on noncalcareous or mixed carbonate and noncalcareous bedrock that is barely permeable. This results in the formation of moors in an abundance of rainfall. Moderate land configuration with small inclinations of 0% to 5% prevails. The soils are the extremely acid, shallow to medium deep Histosols of high moor regions. In this region, the alpine-continental humid climate predominates with abundant precipitation and relatively low, uneven temperature conditions. Diagnostic combination of plant species Due to the extreme ecological conditions, the development of forests is very slow. As a pioneer species, dwarf mountain-pine (Pinus mugo) is very important and helps developing spruce progeny. The tree layer is incomplete and consists of spruce of inferior growth, only 15 meters high. The forests of the Sphango–Piceetum play an important protective role and are shelter to hygrophilous and frigophilous plant species and specific animal species. The Sphagno–Piceetum is classified in the alliance Vaccinio–Piceion. |
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