Gozd bukve in navadnega tevja je conalna gozdna združba podgorskega (submontanskega) vegetacijskega pasu ilirske florne province. V praksi se uporablja ime podgorski bukov gozd. Združba porašča gričevje in hribovje od nižin do nadmorske višine okoli 600 metrov. Na osojnih legah je njena zgornja meja nekaj nižja, na prisojnih pa se povzpne tudi do nadmorske višine 800 metrov. Prevladuje blažji relief: blago nagnjena do srednje strma, ponekod zakrasela pobočja. Površinska kamnitost doseže na apnenčasti matični podlagi tudi 30 odstotkov. Podgorski bukovi gozdovi rastejo na karbonatni matični podlagi, na dolomitih in apnencih različne starosti. V predalpskem in delno srednjem delu Slovenije prevladujejo dolomiti, v preddinarskem svetu pa apnenci. Tla pod podgorskimi bukovimi gozdovi so mozaična: od izpranih tal do rendzin na grebenih. Na splošno prevladujejo srednje globoka rjava pokarbonatna tla. Mezoklimatske razmere označuje zmerno toplo podnebje s srednjimi letnimi temperaturami od 6,5 do 8° C in padavinami od 1000 do 1600 mm letno, ki imajo maksimum v zgodnjem poletju.

Diagnostična kombinacija rastlinskih vrst
Drevesna plast: bukev (Fagus sylvatica), graden (Quercus petraea), beli javor (Acer pseudoplatanaus), češnja (Prunus avium), navadna smreka (Picea abies), maklen (Acer campestre), navadni gaber (Carpinus betulus ), brek (Sorbus torminalis).
Grmovna plast: Berberis vulgaris, Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus monogyna, Daphne mezereum, Euonymus verrucosa, Fraxinus ornus, Hedera helix, Ligustrum vulgare, Rosa arvensis, Viburnum lantana, V. opulus.
Zeliščna plast: Anemone nemorosa, Aposeris foetida, Aremonia agrimonoides, Asarum europaeum, Carex digitata, C. flacca, C. sylvatica, Cyclamen purpurascens, Dentaria bulbifera, D. enneaphyllos, Dryopteris filix-mas, Euphorbia amygdaloides, E. dulcis, Galeobdolon montanum, Galium sylvaticum, Gentiana asclepiadea, Hacquetia epipactis, Helleborus niger subsp. niger, Hepatica nobilis, Lamium orvala, Lilium martagon, Melica nutans, Mercurialis perennis, Platanthera bifolia, Polygonatum multiflorum, Primula vulgaris, Pteridium aquilinum, Pulmonaria officinalis, Salvia glutinosa, Sanicula europaea, Solidago virgaurea, Symphytum tuberosum, Tamus communis, Viola reichenbachiana.

Na območju podgorskih bukovih gozdov je močna kmetijska dejavnost. Veliko gozdov služi predvsem kot dopolnilo kmetijstvu, zato so na splošno slabše kakovosti. Ustrezno gojeni podgorski bukovi gozdovi so vir dobrega tehničnega lesa in gospodarsko pomembni.

V skladu z revizijo sta k tej enoti priključeni tudi gozd bukve in bršljana ter gozd bukve in gradna.

Združbo bukve in tevja uvrščamo v zvezo Aremonio-Fagion.

The Hacquetio–Fagetum is a zonal forest association of a submontane vegetation belt in the Illyrian flora province. In practice, the name “submontane beech forest” is applied. The Hacquetio–Fagetum covers hills and mountains from the lowlands up to an altitude of around 600 meters. On shady slopes, its growth limit is somehow lower while on sunny slopes it extends to an altitude of 800 meters. A gentle land configuration predominates this area with gentle inclines to medium steep slopes and karst slopes in places. The surface stoniness reaches up to 30% on limestones. Submontane beech forests grow on carbonate bedrock of dolomite and limestone of various geological formations. In the subalpine region and partially in central Slovenia, there are dolomite and limestone in the predinaric region. The soils below the submontane beech forests are tessellated with a span of soils ranging from Luvisol to rendzic Leptosols on ridges. In general, there is medium deep chromic Cambisol. The climate is moderately warm with average annual temperatures from 6.5° C to 8° C. Precipitation ranges from 1,000 to 1,600 mm annually with a maximum in early summer.

Diagnostic combination of plant species
Tree layer: Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Prunus avium, Picea abies, Acer campestre, Carpinus betulus, Sorbus torminalis.
Shrub layer: Berberis vulgaris, Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus monogyna, Daphne mezereum, Euonymus verrucosa, Fraxinus ornus, Hedera helix, Ligustrum vulgare, Rosa arvensis, Viburnum lantana, V. opulus.
Herb layer: Anemone nemorosa, Aposeris foetida, Aremonia agrimonoides, Asarum europaeum, Carex digitata, C. flacca, C. sylvatica, Cyclamen purpurascens, Dentaria bulbifera, D. enneaphyllos, Dryopteris filix-mas, Euphorbia amygdaloides, E. dulcis, Galeobdolon montanum, Galium sylvaticum, Gentiana asclepiadea, Hacquetia epipactis, Helleborus niger subsp. niger, Hepatica nobilis, Lamium orvala, Lilium martagon, Melica nutans, Mercurialis perennis, Platanthera bifolia, Polygonatum multiflorum, Primula vulgaris, Pteridium aquilinum, Pulmonaria officinalis, Salvia glutinosa, Sanicula europaea, Solidago virgaurea, Symphytum tuberosum, Tamus communis, Viola reichenbachiana.

Strong agricultural activities are carried out in the area of submontane beech forests. Many forests are considered a supplementary agricultural asset and are of inferior quality in general. However, submontane beech forests that are appropriately managed represent a source of construction timber and play an important economic role.

Upon the revision, this type includes also the Hedero-Fagetum and Querco–Fagetum.

The Hacquetio epipactidis–Fagetum is classified in the alliance Aremonio–Fagion.

__________________

Marinček L. & M. Zupančič 1977: Preddinarski submontanski bukov gozd v Ribniško-kočevski dolini. Biološki vestnik 25: 95–106.
Košir Ž. 1979: Ekološke, fitocenološke in gozdnogospodarske lastnosti Gorjancev v Sloveniji. Zbornik gozdarstva in lesarstva 17, 242 s.
Marinček L. 1987: Bukovi gozdovi na Slovenskem. Delavska enotnost. Ljubljana. 153 s.
Marinček L., L. Mucina, L. Poldini, M. Zupančič, I. Dakskobler & M. Accetto 1993: Nomenklatorische Revision de Illyrischen Buchenwälder (Verband Aremonio-Fagion). Studia geobotanica 12: 121–135.
Marinček L. & U. Šilc 2002: Bukovi gozdovi podzveze Epimedio-Fagenion (v pripravi)