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13

ZDRUŽBA DOBA IN NAVADNE SMREKE
Piceo abietis-Quercetum roboris (M. Wraber 1966) Marinček 1994

   

Gozd doba in smreke je gozdna združba ravninskega sveta Slovenije, ki je pod vplivom visoke talne vode. Rastišča so občasno poplavljena. Teksturno težka oglejena tla so primerna le za rast gozdov. Prevladuje humidno celinsko podnebje s toplimi poletji in hladnimi zimami, povprečna letna temperatura je okoli 10o C.

Diagnostična kombinacija rastlinskih vrst
Drevesna plast:
dob (Quercus robur), navadna smreka (Picea abies), navadni gaber (Carpinus betulus), pravi kostanj (Castanea sativa), češnja (Prunus avium), črna jelša (Alnus glutinosa).
Grmovna plast: Corylus avellana, Crataegus laevigata, Euonymus europaea, Frangula alnus, Lonicera caprifolium, Prunus spinosa, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum opulus.
Zeliščna plast: Ajuga reptans, Anemone nemorosa, Aposeris foetida, Asarum europaeum, Athyrium filix-femina, Carex brizoides, Crocus napolitanus, Cruciata glabra, Deschampsia cespitosa, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris filix-mas, Gentiana asclepiadea, Hieracium sylvaticum, Luzula luzuloides, L. pilosa, Maiantheum bifolium, Melampyrum pratense, Oxalis acetosella, Polygonatum multiflorum, Pteridium aquilinum, Solidago virgaurea, Stellaria holostea, Viola riviniana.

Po golosekih se razvijejo drugotni gozdovi črne jelše (Alnetum glutinosae s. lat.); razvoj v smeri prvobitnega gozda smreke in doba je zelo dolgotrajen.

Prevladujejo raznodobni sestoji doba (Quercus robur) in smreke (Picea abies) v dominantni plasti ter navadnega gabra (Carpinus betulus), pravega kostanja (Castanea sativa), češnje (Prunus avium) in črne jelše (Alnus glutinosa) v podstojni plasti.

Gozdovi doba in smreke so v veliki večini izkrčeni v korist melioriranih kmetijskih površin. Preostali nimajo večjega gospodarskega pomena.

Združbo doba in smreke uvrščamo v zvezo Erythronio-Carpinion.

 

The Piceo abietis–Quercetum roboris is a zonal forest association of Slovenia’s plains area that are influenced by high underground water and temporary flooding. Gleysol with heavy texture is predominant that favours only the growth of forests. The climate is humid continental with warm summers and cold winters and a mean annual temperature around 10o C.

Diagnostic combination of plant species
Tree layer:
Quercus robur, Picea abies, Carpinus betulus, Castanea sativa, Prunus avium, Alnus glutinosa.
Shrub layer: Corylus avellana, Crataegus laevigata, Euonymus europaea, Frangula alnus, Lonicera caprifolium, Prunus spinosa, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum opulus.
Herb layer: Ajuga reptans, Anemone nemorosa, Aposeris foetida, Asarum europaeum, Athyrium filix–femina, Carex brizoides, Crocus napolitanus, Cruciata glabra, Deschampsia cespitosa, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris filix–mas, Gentiana asclepiadea, Hieracium sylvaticum, Luzula luzuloides, L. pilosa, Maiantheum bifolium, Melampyrum pratense, Oxalis acetosella, Polygonatum multiflorum, Pteridium aquilinum, Solidago virgaurea, Stellaria holostea, Viola riviniana.

After fellings have been carried out, secondary forests of alder (Alnetum glutinosae s. lat.) develop. The development toward the Piceo–Quercetum is a long-lasting process.

There are mostly uneven-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and spruce (Picea abies) in the dominant tree layer, and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), wild cherry (Prunus avium), and alder (Alnus glutinosa) in the lower tree layer.

Many Piceo abietis–Quercetum roboris forests were felled to a great extent for reclaimed agricultural purposes. Those remaining are of no major economic importance.

The Piceo abietis–Quercetum roboris is classified in the alliance Erythronio–Carpinion.

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Wraber M. 1969: Über die Verbreitung, Ökologie und systematische Gliederung der Eichen-Hainbuchenwälder in Slowenien. Feddes Rep. 79: 373–389, Berlin.
Marinček L. 1975: Gozdna vegetacija Moravške doline na miocenskih kamninah. Razprave IV. razreda SAZU 18: 1–28.
Marinček L. 1994: Zur Nomenklatur der Hainbuchenwälder des Erythronio-Carpinion. V: I. Trinjastić (ur.) Simpozij – Pevalek Flora i vegetacija Hrvatske, Šumarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatske šume, s. 57–62, Zagreb.
Marinček L. & A. Čarni 2000: Die Unterverbände der Hainbuchenwälder der Verbandes Erythronio-Carpinion betuli (Horvat 1938) Marinček in Walnöfer, Mucina et Grass 1993. Scopolia 45, 20 s.

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